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The Neuroradiology Journal Dec 2022Due to surgical advancements, the accurate detection of perineural disease spread has become increasingly important in the management and prognostication of head and...
Comparison of 3D constructive interference in steady state (CISS) and T2 sampling perfection with application optimized contrasts using different flip angle evolution MR imaging of the intracranial trigeminal nerve and central skull base neuroforamina.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Due to surgical advancements, the accurate detection of perineural disease spread has become increasingly important in the management and prognostication of head and neck cancers, though MR evaluation has thus far been limited by technical and logistic challenges. The purpose of this study was to specifically evaluate the relative capability of 3D CISS and 3D T2-SPACE imaging to delineate the proximal intracranial divisions of the normal trigeminal nerve, an area important in determining the resectability of intracranial perineural disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A single center HIPAA-compliant, IRB approved retrospective review of 40 patients with clinical temporal bone/internal auditory canal MR imaging was conducted. 20 patients with 3D CISS images and 20 patients with 3D T2-SPACE images met inclusion criteria. Two radiologists scored the sequences on a 3-point scale based on ability to visualize anatomic structures surrounding the trigeminal nerve in Meckel's cave, intracranial trigeminal divisions, skull base neuroforamina, and proximal extracranial mandibular division.
RESULTS
The following anatomic locations scored significantly better in the T2-SPACE sequence compared to the CISS sequence for both raters: intracranial V3 ( < .05), foramen ovale ( < .05), and extracranial V3 ( < .01). The average scores for the anterior Meckel's cave and foramen rotundum were higher for the T2-SPACE sequence, although not significantly. Percent interobserver agreement ranged from 50 to 90% and 65-100% for the different anatomic locations on the CISS and T2-SPACE sequences, respectively.
CONCLUSION
3D T2-SPACE was found to be superior to 3D CISS in the evaluation of the distal intracranial and extracranial portions of the normal trigeminal nerve.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Contrast Media; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Trigeminal Nerve; Skull Base
PubMed: 35400223
DOI: 10.1177/19714009221084248 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022causes neonatal meningitis and can also infect the adult central nervous system (CNS). can cross the blood-brain barrier but may also reach the CNS other paths....
causes neonatal meningitis and can also infect the adult central nervous system (CNS). can cross the blood-brain barrier but may also reach the CNS other paths. Several species of bacteria can directly invade the CNS the olfactory and trigeminal nerves, which extend between the nasal cavity and brain and injury to the nasal epithelium can increase the risk/severity of infection. Preterm birth is associated with increased risk of infection and with nasogastric tube feeding. The tubes, also used in adults, can cause nasal injuries and may be contaminated with bacteria, including . We here investigated whether could invade the CNS after intranasal inoculation in mice. rapidly infected the olfactory nerve and brain. Methimazole-mediated model of nasal epithelial injury led to increased bacterial load in these tissues, as well as trigeminal nerve infection. infected and survived intracellularly in cultured olfactory/trigeminal nerve- and brain-derived glia, resulting in cytokine production, with some differences between glial types. Furthermore, a non-capsulated was used to understand the role of capsule on glial cells interaction. Interestingly, we found that the capsule significantly altered cytokine and chemokine responses and affected intracellular survival in trigeminal glia. In summary, this study shows that can infect the CNS the nose-to-brain path with increased load after epithelial injury, and that the bacteria can survive in glia.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Mice; Neuroglia; Premature Birth; Streptococcus agalactiae; Trigeminal Nerve
PubMed: 35281448
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.793416 -
Pain Jul 2014
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System Sensitization; Hyperalgesia; Male; Migraine Disorders; Neural Inhibition; Nociceptive Pain; Nociceptors; Skin; Trigeminal Nerve
PubMed: 24708991
DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.04.001 -
Pain Research & Management 2018Orofacial myofascial pain is prevalent and most often results from entrapment of branches of the trigeminal nerves. It is challenging to inject branches of the... (Review)
Review
Orofacial myofascial pain is prevalent and most often results from entrapment of branches of the trigeminal nerves. It is challenging to inject branches of the trigeminal nerve, a large portion of which are shielded by the facial bones. Bony landmarks of the cranium serve as important guides for palpation-guided injections and can be delineated using ultrasound. Ultrasound also provides real-time images of the adjacent muscles and accompanying arteries and can be used to guide the needle to the target region. Most importantly, ultrasound guidance significantly reduces the risk of collateral injury to vital neurovascular structures. In this review, we aimed to summarize the regional anatomy and ultrasound-guided injection techniques for the trigeminal nerve and its branches, including the supraorbital, infraorbital, mental, auriculotemporal, maxillary, and mandibular nerves.
Topics: Analgesics; Humans; Nerve Block; Trigeminal Nerve; Trigeminal Neuralgia; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 29808105
DOI: 10.1155/2018/5480728 -
Developmental Neuroscience 2016The whisker-sensory trigeminal central pathway of rodents is an established model for studies of activity-dependent neural plasticity. The first relay station of the... (Review)
Review
The whisker-sensory trigeminal central pathway of rodents is an established model for studies of activity-dependent neural plasticity. The first relay station of the pathway is the trigeminal principal nucleus (PrV), the ventral part of which receives sensory inputs mainly from the infraorbital branch of the maxillary trigeminal nerve (ION). Whisker-sensory afferents play an important role in the development of the morphological and physiological properties of PrV neurons. In neonates, deafferentation by ION transection leads to the disruption of whisker-related neural patterns (barrelettes) and cell death within a specific time window (critical period), as revealed by morphological studies. Whisker-sensory inputs control synaptic elimination, postsynaptic AMPA receptor trafficking, astrocyte-mediated synaptogenesis, and receptive-field characteristics of PrV cells, without a postnatal critical period. Sensory activity-dependent synaptic plasticity requires the activation of NMDA receptors and involves the participation of glia. However, the basic physiological properties of PrV neurons, such as cell type-specific ion channels, presynaptic terminal function, postsynaptic NMDA receptor subunit composition, and formation of the inhibitory circuitry, are independent of sensory inputs. Therefore, the first relay station of the whisker sensation is largely mature-like and functional at birth. Delineation of activity-dependent and activity-independent features of the postnatal PrV is important for understanding the development and functional characteristics of downstream trigeminal stations in the thalamus and neocortex. This mini review focuses on such features of the developing rodent PrV.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synapses; Trigeminal Nerve; Vibrissae
PubMed: 27287019
DOI: 10.1159/000446395 -
Annals of the New York Academy of... Jul 2009Three sensory systems, olfaction, taste, and somatosensation, are dedicated to the detection of chemicals in the environment. Trigeminal somatosensory neurons enable us... (Review)
Review
Three sensory systems, olfaction, taste, and somatosensation, are dedicated to the detection of chemicals in the environment. Trigeminal somatosensory neurons enable us to detect a wide range of environmental stimuli, including pressure, temperature, and chemical irritants, within the oral and nasal mucosa. Natural plant-derived irritants have served as powerful pharmacological tools for identifying receptors underlying somatosensation. This is illustrated by the use of capsaicin, menthol, and wasabi to identify the heat-sensitive ion channel TRPV1, the cold-sensitive ion channel TRPM8, and the irritant receptor TRPA1, respectively. In addition to TRP channels, members of the two-pore potassium channel family have also been implicated in trigeminal chemosensation. KCNK18 was recently identified as a target for hydroxy-alpha-sanshool, the tingling and numbing compound produced in Schezuan peppers and other members of the Xanthoxylum genus. The role of these channels in trigeminal thermosensation and pain will be discussed.
Topics: Amides; Animals; Capsaicin; Humans; Menthol; Mustard Plant; Plant Oils; Somatosensory Cortex; Taste Perception; Trigeminal Nerve
PubMed: 19686135
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.03895.x -
Scientific Reports Dec 2020The hand-blink reflex (HBR) is a subcortical response, elicited by the electrical stimulation of the median nerve, whose magnitude is specifically modulated according to... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
The hand-blink reflex (HBR) is a subcortical response, elicited by the electrical stimulation of the median nerve, whose magnitude is specifically modulated according to the spatial properties of the defensive peripersonal space (DPPS) of the face. For these reasons, the HBR is commonly used as a model to assess the DPPS of the face. Little is known on the effects induced by the activation of cutaneous afferents from the face on the DPPS of the face. Therefore, we tested the effect of non-painful transcutaneous trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) on the amplitude of the HBR. Fifteen healthy participants underwent HBR recording before and after 20 min of sham- and real-TNS delivered bilaterally to the infraorbital nerve in two separate sessions. The HBR was recorded bilaterally from the orbicularis oculi muscles, following non-painful median nerve stimulation at the wrist. The HBR amplitude was assessed in the "hand-far" and "hand-near" conditions, relative to the hand position in respect to the face. The amplitudes of the hand-far and hand-near HBR were measured bilaterally before and after sham- and real-TNS. Real-TNS significantly reduced the magnitude of the HBR, while sham-TNS had no significant effect. The inhibitory effect of TNS was of similar extent on both the hand-far and hand-near components of the HBR, which suggests an action exerted mainly at brainstem level.
Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; Blinking; Female; Hand; Humans; Male; Muscles; Reflex; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; Trigeminal Nerve; Young Adult
PubMed: 33273638
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78092-w -
BMC Veterinary Research May 2024To determine whether sensory nerve conduction stimulus threshold measurements of the infraorbital nerve are able to differentiate horses with idiopathic...
Sensory nerve conduction stimulus threshold measurements of the infraorbital nerve and its applicability as a diagnostic tool in horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking.
BACKGROUND
To determine whether sensory nerve conduction stimulus threshold measurements of the infraorbital nerve are able to differentiate horses with idiopathic trigeminal-mediated headshaking (i-TMHS) from healthy horses and from horses with secondary trigeminal-mediated headshaking (s-TMHS). In a prospective trial, headshaking horses were examined using a standardized diagnostic protocol, including advanced diagnostics such as computed tomography and 3-Tesla-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to differentiate s-TMHS from i-TMHS. Clinically healthy horses served as controls. Within this process, patients underwent general anesthesia, and the minimal sensory nerve conduction stimulus threshold (SNCT) of the infraorbital nerve was measured using a bipolar concentric needle electrode. Sensory nerve action potentials (SNAP) were assessed in 2.5-5 mA intervals. Minimal SNCT as well as additional measurements were calculated.
RESULTS
In 60 horses, SNAP could be recorded, of which 43 horses had i-TMHS, six had suspected s-TMHS, three horses had non-facial headshaking, and eight healthy horses served as controls. Controls had a minimal SNCT ≥ 15 mA, whereas 14/43 horses with i-TMHS and 2/6 horses with s-TMHS showed a minimal SNCT ≤ 10 mA. Minimal SNCT ≤ 10 mA showed 100% specificity to distinguish TMHS from controls, but the sensitivity was only 41%.
CONCLUSION
A minimal SNCT of the infraorbital nerve ≤ 10 mA was able to differentiate healthy horses from horses with TMHS. Nevertheless, a higher minimal SNCT did not exclude i-TMHS or s-TMHS and minimal SNCT does not distinguish s-TMHS from i-TMHS.
Topics: Animals; Horses; Horse Diseases; Female; Male; Neural Conduction; Head; Prospective Studies; Trigeminal Nerve
PubMed: 38750534
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04068-x -
ACS Chemical Neuroscience Jan 2011The capacity of cutaneous, including trigeminal endings, to detect chemicals is known as chemesthesis or cutaneous chemosensation. This sensory function involves the... (Review)
Review
The capacity of cutaneous, including trigeminal endings, to detect chemicals is known as chemesthesis or cutaneous chemosensation. This sensory function involves the activation of nociceptor and thermoreceptor endings and has a protective or defensive function, as many of these substances are irritants or poisonous. However, humans have also developed a liking for the distinct sharpness or pungency of many foods, beverages, and spices following activation of the same sensory afferents. Our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of chemosensation in the trigeminal system has experienced enormous progress in the past decade, following the cloning and functional characterization of several ion channels activated by physical and chemical stimuli. This brief review attempts to summarize our current knowledge in this field, including a functional description of various sensory channels, especially TRP channels, involved in trigeminal chemosensitivy. Finally, some of these new findings are discussed in the context of the pathophysiology of trigeminal chemosensation, including pain, pruritus, migraine, cough, airway inflammation, and ophthalmic diseases.
Topics: Animals; Chemoreceptor Cells; Humans; Pain; TRPV Cation Channels; Taste; Touch; Trigeminal Ganglion; Trigeminal Nerve
PubMed: 22778855
DOI: 10.1021/cn100102c -
British Journal of Pharmacology Nov 2018The neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been implicated in a wide range of functions including vasodilatation, neuroprotection,... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
The neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been implicated in a wide range of functions including vasodilatation, neuroprotection, nociception and neurogenic inflammation. PACAP activates three distinct receptors, the PAC receptor, which responds to PACAP, and the VPAC and VPAC receptors, which respond to both PACAP and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. The trigeminovascular system plays a key role in migraine and contains the trigeminal nerve, which is the major conduit of craniofacial pain. PACAP is expressed throughout the trigeminovascular system and in higher brain regions involved in processing pain. Evidence from human clinical studies suggests that PACAP may act outside the blood-brain barrier in the pathogenesis of migraine. However, the precise mechanisms involved remain unclear. PACAP potentially induces migraine attacks by activating different receptors in different cell types and tissues. This complexity prompted this review of PACAP receptor pharmacology, expression and function in the trigeminovascular system. Current evidence suggests that the PAC receptor is the likely pathophysiological target of PACAP in migraine. However, multiple PACAP receptors are expressed in key parts of the trigeminovascular system and further work is required to determine their contribution to PACAP physiology and the pathology of migraine.
LINKED ARTICLES
This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of GPCRs. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.21/issuetoc.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; Trigeminal Nerve
PubMed: 28977676
DOI: 10.1111/bph.14053